Concrete Construction

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Reinforced Concrete

Reinforced concrete buildings consist of reinforced concrete columns and beams. Use this if the other technical characteristics of the building are unknown.

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Reinforced Concrete Shear Wall (with MRF)

Building constructed with reinforced concrete columns and beams, as well as reinforced concrete floor and roof. "Moment Resisting Frames" carry lateral loads by bending. "Shear Walls" are continuous reinforced concrete extending from the foundation to the roof and can be exterior walls or interior walls.

133

Reinforced Concrete Shear Wall (without MRF)

Building constructed with reinforced concrete columns and beams, as well as reinforced concrete floor and roof. Reinforced concrete Shear Walls are continuous reinforced concrete, extending from the foundation to the roof and can be exterior walls or interior walls. This category typically consists of buildings with a concrete box structural system with shear walls. The entire structure, along with the usual concrete diaphragm, is typically cast in place.

134

Reinforced Concrete MRF - Ductile

Buildings constructed with reinforced concrete columns, beams, and slabs. Moment Resisting Frames carry lateral loads due to earthquakes by bending. This kind of structural system can sustain large deformations and absorb energy without brittle failure.

135

Reinforced Concrete MRF - Non-Ductile

Buildings constructed with reinforced concrete columns, beams, and slabs. Moment Resisting Frames carry lateral loads due to earthquakes by bending. These structures have insufficient reinforcing steel embedded in the concrete and thus display low ductility.

136

Tilt-Up

Tilt-up buildings are constructed with reinforced concrete wall panels that are cast on the ground and then tilted upward into their final positions. These wall units are then anchored to the foundation and attached to each other. The roof and floor decks are typically wood. More recently, the wall panels are fabricated off-site and trucked in. These buildings tend to be one or two stories in height.

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Pre-cast Concrete

The pre-cast frame is essentially a post and beam system in concrete in which columns, beams, and slabs are prefabricated and assembled on site.

138

Pre-cast Concrete with Shear Wall

The pre-cast frame is essentially a post and beam system in concrete in which columns, beams, and slabs are prefabricated and assembled on site. Lateral loads due to earthquakes are carried by cast-in-place concrete "shear" walls.

139

Reinforced Concrete MRF

A building constructed with reinforced concrete columns, beams, and slabs. "Moment-resisting frames" carry lateral loads due to earthquakes by bending. Information on the reinforcing steels is not sufficient to determine the building's level of ductility.

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Reinforced Concrete MRF with URM

Reinforced concrete columns and beams form "moment-resisting frames" to carry lateral loads due to earthquakes. Unreinforced masonry walls are used as infills between the columns to add lateral load resistance, but are not intended to serve as gravity load-bearing elements.