Location Surrounding Detail Fields

• CA EQ

• HI EQ

• JP EQ

• US EQ

• NZ EQ

One of the following values to describe the distance from the building at this location to the closest structure, which, if not adequate, can cause the two structures to collide during earthquake shaking:

• Unknown/default (0)

• 0-0.25 m (1)

• 0.25-0.5 m (2)

• 0.5-1.0 m (3)

• 1.0-2.0 m (4)

• 2.0 m (5)

This factor usually concerns high-rise buildings in densely built areas, like business districts of cities. If the gap between adjacent tall buildings is not adequate, there is potential danger of the two structures colliding during earthquake shaking. This phenomenon is known as the "pounding effect."

Severe damage may occur when the floors of the building are at different elevations, and the impact of one building's floors can destroy the columns in the adjacent building.

• Optional

• Defaults to a value in the Touchstone user interface

Unknown/default (0)

• HI TC

• US HU

• US ST - Straight-Line Winds, Tornadoes

One of the following values to indicate whether tree hazard exists around the building at this location:

• Unknown/default (0)

• No (1)

• Yes (2)

Trees snap in strong winds and can damage adjacent buildings.

• Optional

• Defaults to a value in the Touchstone user interface

Unknown/default (0)

• HI TC

• US HU

• US ST - Straight-Line Winds, Tornadoes

One of the following values to indicate whether there is potential for small debris within a radius of 200 feet from the building at this location:

• Unknown/default (0)

• No (1)

• Yes (2)

Small debris, such as roof gravel, trash bins, or tree branches, may be picked up by high wind and breach window glass. Small debris can be carried to all elevations at high wind speed.

• Optional

• Defaults to a value in the Touchstone user interface

Unknown/default (0)

• HI TC

• US HU

• US ST - Straight-Line Winds, Tornadoes

One of the following values to indicate whether there is potential for large missiles within a radius of 100 feet from the building at this location:

• Unknown/default (0)

• No (1)

• Yes (2)

Garden furniture or wood planks or studs dislodged from nearby buildings may become missiles at high wind speed and breach the building envelope.

• Optional

• Defaults to a value in the Touchstone user interface

Unknown/default (0)

US HU

US ST - Straight-Line Winds, Tornadoes

One of the following values to describe the terrain conditions around the building at this location:

• Unknown/default (0)

• Large city centers (1): Large city centers with at least 50% of the buildings having a height in excess of 70 feet (21.3 m).

  Limit use of this exposure category to areas for which terrain representative of this category prevails in the upward direction for a distance of at least 0.5 mi. (0.8 km) or 10 times the height of the building or other structure, whichever is greater. Possible channeling effect on building will be taken into account.

• Urban and suburban areas, wooded areas (2): Urban and suburban areas, wooded areas, or other terrain with numerous closely spaced obstructions having the size of single-family dwellings or larger.

  Limit the use of this exposure category to areas for which terrain representative of this category prevails in the upwind direction for a distance of at least 1,500 feet (460 m) or 10 times the height of the building or other structure, whichever is greater.

• Open terrain with scattered obstruct (3): Open terrain with scattered obstructions having heights generally less than 30 feet (9.1 m).

  This category includes flat, open country and grasslands.

• Flat, unobstructed areas (4): Flat, unobstructed areas exposed to winds flowing over open water for a distance of at least 1 mile (1.61 km).

  This exposure category applies only to buildings and other structures exposed to the winds coming off the water. This exposure category extends inland from the shoreline a distance of 1,500 feet (460 m) or 10 times the height of the building or structure, whichever is greater.

• Optional

• Defaults to a value in the Touchstone user interface

• Use this field in conjunction with the Adjacent Building Height field.

Unknown/default (0)

• US HU

• US ST - Straight-Line Winds, Tornadoes

Average height of buildings adjacent to the building at this location

Express the average height as an average number of stories.

A value of 0 for this field represents Unknown/default.

• Optional

• Use this field in conjunction with the Terrain Roughness field.

• CE IF

• EU ET

• US HU

• US IF

• JP TY

Increase in flood protection for the building at this location that custom flood protection systems, such as levees or flood walls, provide for single risks (for example, for large industrial facilities).

This field represents the height of a custom flood protection system (in feet for Japan and the US, in meters for Europe) above the ground surface at the building at this location.

A value of -999 for this field in your import data indicates that custom protection is not present. This value is also the default setting for this field. Touchstone does not allow any other negative values.

Setting this field to "0" indicates that the basement at this location has been equipped with flood protection to a level that is equivalent to the elevation of the adjacent ground surface.

If the Custom Flood SOP Type is "RP" (supported only for CE IF), the unit of this field will be in years and Touchstone will apply the corresponding Return Period protection to this location.

• Optional

• Can be a numeric value between 0 and 30000 (10000 when entering values using the Touchstone user interface), inclusive, or -999

-999

CE IF

One of the following values to indicate the type of SOP (Standard of Protection):

• H – Height (in feet for Japan and US, in meters, for Europe)

• RP – Return Period

• Optional

Unknown

• US HU

• US IF

One of the following values to indicate whether the building at this location is part of a custom flood zone:

• Unknown/Default (0)

• Zone 1 / Zone A (1)

• Zone 2 / Zone V (2)

• Zone 3 / Zone X (3)

• Zone 4 / Other Flood Zones (x500) (4)

If you specify Unknown / Default (0) as the value for this field, Touchstone assumes that no zone has been defined and includes all locations for analysis.

For the AIR Inland Flood Model for Central Europe, indicates whether the building at this location is part of a custom flood zone. Defining this modifier for a location helps to filter the locations defined with custom zones to include in the analysis. This ability is especially useful if only certain zones can be included for protection. You can specify flood zones in Touchstone by clicking the pencil icon next to the Inland Flood peril selection in the Analysis Settings pane.

For the AIR Inland Flood Model for the United States, indicates the FEMA flood zones in which the building at this location is located.

• Optional

0

• CE IF

• US HU

• US IF

• JP TY

• EU ETC

Elevation (in feet for Japan and the US, and in meters for Europe) of the local ground surface (in feet) at the building at this location

This field represents the elevation of the grade (local ground surface) with respect to the datum (NAVD88) nature of finish in basements of buildings.

A value of -999 for this field represents Unknown/default.

The custom elevation (i.e., a value other than -999) overrides the underlying modeled digital terrain (DTM) elevation.

• Optional

• US HU

• US IF

Water elevation (in feet) for a 100-year flood at the building at this location, as defined by FEMA

Touchstone supports this field for all residential, commercial, and small industrial buildings.

A value of -999 for this field represents Unknown/default. AIR recommends that you do not code this field as "0".

FEMA defines the Base Flood Elevation (BFE) as the "water surface elevation corresponding to a flood having a 1% probability of being equaled or exceeded in a given year."

Touchstone assumes that the building at this location has its lowest floor (including the basement, if any) at the BFE.

• Optional

• The BFE cannot be less than the local grade elevation, since both are measured with respect to NAVD88. If you set the BFE to a value that is less than the local grade elevation, Touchstone assumes that the BFE is unknown.

• The value that you set for the first floor height overrides the BFE.

• If you specify any of the following construction or occupancy class codes for this location, Touchstone ignores your setting for this field:

  • IFM(400 series occupancy class codes)

  • 200 series construction class codes (including automobiles and pleasure boats)

US WF

Area between the structure and an oncoming wildfire, where landscaping has been managed to alter or cut off the fire's path, with the intent of increasing the structure's probability of survival.

A value of -999 for this field represents Unknown/default.

For detailed information about this SRC, see the "Secondary Risk Characteristics for the AIR Wildfire Model for the United States document on the AIR Client Portal.

• -999

• A distance in feet

-999

US WF

Firewise USA™ (Firewise) program is a National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) program co-sponsored by the USDA Forest Service, U.S. Department of the Interior, and the National Association of State Foresters.

Recognition as a Firewise community requires numerous activities.

When this SRC is enabled, the model automatically assigns defensible space a value of 100 feet unless the user specifically changed the defensible space distance.

For detailed information about this SRC, see the "Secondary Risk Characteristics for the AIR Wildfire Model for the United States document on the AIR Client Portal.

• 0 -- Unknown/default

• 1 -- No (disabled)

• 2 -- Yes (enabled)

0 -- Unknown